its bout the urea movement-urine balancing! :Phah

oho! renal tubule is the tubules of nephron! the peritubular capillaries is one of the blood capillaries surrounds the kidney! happily! hahah. but is it surround kidney? to be exact the tubules and ducts of kidney @ nephron! i guess it is nephron! nephron is a tube! close at one end and open at the other. the bowman's capsule lah close end tuuu. XOXO

okay, move on to post no.2, (urea can also be secreted into renal tubule increasing its concentration), 

aiyo, i dont really understand. into renal tubule? which means into the peritubular capillaries? dah sah urea 'll mix with blood. hmmm..wondering whether the renal tubule is the blood capillary or the tubule connecting to collecting duct- the pathway of urine secretion. if my second assumption is correct, it correlates to the fact that there are urea transporter!!! hahah. i guess they are at the membrane of the tubule, transporting urea from the renal medulla into the tubule lah- it is not sure whether the the proximal, convulated, or the collecting duct? haih. need to find out!!! insyaAllah... hehe. 

okay, next, move on to post no.3, haha..

(nice article about the kidney and some important part on osmoregulation) gotch it! Alhamdulillah.

wondering again.. collecting duct leads to renal pelvis where the urine is secreted out to the ureter - urinary bladder - the urethra!

How about renal artery and renal vein? where do they connect to?

the pathway is sort of like ; renal artery?(not sure which is which,hahah)-afferent arteriole-glomerular capillaries-efferent arteriole-renal vein. sort so the renal artery and renal vein are the BLOOD CAPILLARIES SURROUND THE NEPHRON. and so, what about renal tubule ??? haiya! its okay. you may ask sir later...heh2

and there the story is, the bowman is at cortex, whereas the tubules and collecting duct descends to the medulla :D!

okay, how does the nephron makes urine?

first, the nephron ( imean the tubule lah kan ) filters the blood- blood are forced out from the glomerulus capillaries to the lumen of the bowman's capsule. small molecules lah yg dibuli tuuu. imean the one that being forced. cause of dah dy kecik. hahahah..

second, the reclaiming of useful materials!!! hahah. means reabsorption lah. pathway : tubule -to- capillary.

lastly, surplus waste materials and ions are left is  secreted out as urine.

so, conclusion nya, jadilah orang yang  USEFUL ! kalo jadik waste mmg lah akan dibuang. thus, my mission wana be the useful servant of Allah. treat my mom, dad, teachers and future b well and the best! hehehe

insyaAllah...

In 24 hours the kidneys reclaim

• ~1,300 g of NaCl
• ~400 g NaHCO₃
• ~180 g glucose
• almost all of the 180 liters of water that entered the tubules.

SUBHANAALLAH! wow! its amazing! thats why you need to drink much water, or else, your kidney will reclaim the water inside the tubule banyak2 ( cz lack of water dlm badan kan) and left the urea alone. trapped!!!  

its as if all the content of blood plasma MINUS PROTEIN pass to the bowman becoming the glomerular filtrate!

okay, its clear! Alhamdulillah. refer kertas tuuu.


MOve on to post no.4 lah! (the answer can be found here plus in the question stem it already state that it can interfere with secretion, so which one will be affected? name at least 2)
ohh! its bout Acetalozamide. -alkanizing the urine? hah?

okay, now, post no.5., thiazide!

(the effect of this drug can be found here) to the URINE VOLUME in hypertension patient. haha!

tension pun leh affect air kencing~

hypertension person has high blood pressure. okay. its the basic. so?

and here the last but not least, haha!

the female's Arctic's bear :D.